ื“ืœื’ื• ืœืชื•ื›ืŸ
ืžื’ื–ื™ืŸ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืชืฉื›ืจ ื•ืขื•ื“

ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ื‘ืœื™ ืจืขืฉ.

ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ
ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืืชืจ
ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืกื“ื™ืจ: ื”ื™ืชืจ, ืกื•ื’ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ืฉื›ืจUpwork: ืื™ืš ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ื›ืžื” ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ื‘ืขืžืœื•ืชืฉื›ืจ ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืœืคื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืข: ืžื” ื”ืœืž"ืก ืžืคืจืกืžืช ื•ืื™ืš ืžืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืืœื™ื” ืืช ื”ืฉื›ืจ ืฉืœื›ืืžื›ื™ืจืช ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜: ืื™ืš ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ื•ืžื” ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืžื›ื•ืจืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ืชืขื•ื“ื”: ืžื” ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืื™ืš ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ื”ื›ืจื”ืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช: ืื™ืš ืžืชืจื’ืžื™ื ื•ืžื” ืžืฉืชื ื”ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœื“ืžื™ ืื‘ื˜ืœื”: ื›ืžื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ื•ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื›ืฉืžืชืคื˜ืจื™ืื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื: ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืœืฉื›ืจ, ื—ื•ืคืฉื”, ืคื ืกื™ื” ื•ื”ื‘ืจืื”
ืžื›ื™ืจื” ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜

ืื˜ืกื™: ืžื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื›ื•ืจ, ื›ืžื” ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ื•ืื™ืš ืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ื—ื ื•ืช ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ

ืื˜ืกื™ ื”ื™ื ื–ื™ืจืช ืžืกื—ืจ ืœืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืงื•ืจื™ื™ื, ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื™ื“, ืงื‘ืฆื™ื ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ื ื•ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ ื•ื™ื ื˜ื’ืณ. ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ื‘ื” ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืืš ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื”ืชืืžื” ืœื›ืœืœื™ื, ืœื—ืฉื‘ ืขืžืœื•ืช ื•ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื•ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืคืชื™ื—ืช ื”ื—ื ื•ืช.

ืื™ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื ื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืžืงื•ื•ื ืช ืœืฆื“ ืงืขืจืช ืงืจืžื™ืงื”, ืฆืžื™ื“ ื•ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืืžื ื•ืช ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™
ืชืžื•ื ื”: ืื™ื•ืจ ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช

ืžื” ื–ื” ืื˜ืกื™ ื•ืœืžื™ ืžืชืื™ืžื” ื—ื ื•ืช ื‘ื–ื™ืจื”

ืื˜ืกื™, Etsy, ื”ื™ื ื–ื™ืจืช ืžืกื—ืจ ืฉืžื—ื‘ืจืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ืขืฆืžืื™ื™ื ืœืงื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื. ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื‘ื” ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืคื™ื–ื™ื™ื ื•ืงื‘ืฆื™ื ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ืคืจื™ื˜ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืœื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”: ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉื™ืฆืจืชื, ืขื™ืฆื‘ืชื, ื‘ื—ืจืชื ืื• ืกื™ืคืงืชื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืชืจื•ืช. ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืœืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ื–ืžื™ืŸ. ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืชืจื™ื ื•ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื ืชืžื›ื•ืช ืžืคืจื˜ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื.

ื—ื ื•ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืœืžืขืฆื‘ื™ื ืขื ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช, ืœื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืกืคืง ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืงื‘ื™ ื•ืœืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ ื•ื™ื ื˜ื’ืณ ืื• ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืžื•ืชืจื™ื. ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื, ืฉืืœื• ืื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืชืืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืžื” ืืชื ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื, ืœืชืžื—ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืœืขื ื•ืช ืœืงื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉืคืช ื”ื—ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ืจืชื. ืคืชื™ื—ืช ื—ื ื•ืช ืื™ื ื” ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืื• ื”ื›ื ืกื”. ืœืžื›ื™ืจืช ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืžืฉื™ื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืงืจื•ื ื’ื ืื™ืš ืžืคืจืกืžื™ื ืžื•ื“ืขื” ื‘ื™ื“ 2.

ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืžืขืฉื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื–ื™ืจื” ืงื™ื™ืžืช. ืžื ื’ื“, ืืชื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœืคื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื–ื™ืจื” ื•ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื‘ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืชืœื•ื•ืช ืœืžื›ื™ืจื”. ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžืจืงื˜ืคืœื™ื™ืก ื•ืžืชื™ ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืืชืจ ืขืฆืžืื™ ื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื›ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืชื‘ื—ืจื• ืขืจื•ืฅ ืžื›ื™ืจื”.

ืื™ืœื• ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ื•ืžื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ืคืกืœ

ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื˜ืกื™ ืžื—ืœืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ. ื”ื˜ื‘ืœื” ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช; ื›ืœ ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื’ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ืืกื•ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืฉืืจ ืชื ืื™ ื”ื–ื™ืจื”.

ืกื•ื’ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืืคืฉืจื™ืช ืžื” ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง
ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉื™ืฆืจืชื ืงืขืจืช ืงืจืžื™ืงื” ืฉืขื™ืฆื‘ืชื ื•ื™ืฆืจืชื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื•ื”ืฆื’ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ื ืžืงื•ืจื™ื™ื
ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉืขื™ืฆื‘ืชื ืื™ื•ืจ ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืœื”ื•ืจื“ื” ืื• ืœื”ื“ืคืกื” ืืฆืœ ืฉื•ืชืฃ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืงื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื•ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืฉื•ืชืฃ ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ื–ื”
ืคืจื™ื˜ ื•ื™ื ื˜ื’ืณ ืฉื‘ื—ืจืชื ื‘ื’ื“ ื™ืฉืŸ ืžืชื•ืš ืื•ืกืฃ ืฉื‘ื ื™ืชื ื’ื™ืœ ืฉืœ ืœืคื—ื•ืช 20 ืฉื ื” ื•ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืชื•ืžืš ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืคืจื™ื˜
ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ืžื•ืชืจื™ื ื—ืจื•ื–ื™ื ืœื”ื›ื ืช ืชื›ืฉื™ื˜ื™ื ื”ืชืืžื” ืœื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช

ืžื›ื™ืจื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฆืจ ืžื•ื’ืžืจ ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ื ื™ ืื™ื ื” ืžื•ืชืจืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™, ื‘ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืฉืœื›ื ืฉืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ืืฆืœ ืฉื•ืชืฃ, ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉืžื’ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ื•ืžืฆื™ื’ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืืช ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžืฉืœื•ื—. ืืœื” ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืฉืžื™ืช.

ืืœ ืชืกืชืžื›ื• ืขืœ ืขืฆื ืงื™ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ื“ืขื” ื“ื•ืžื” ื›ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ืฉื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉืœื›ื ืžื•ืชืจ. ื‘ื“ืงื• ืืช ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ืช ืœืžื•ืฆืจ ื•ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœื›ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืชื–ืžื™ื ื• ืžืœืื™ ืื• ืชืฉืœืžื• ืœืกืคืง. ืื ื”ื”ืชืืžื” ืœื›ืœืœื™ื ืื™ื ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื”, ืขืฆืจื• ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืขื“ ืฉืชื‘ืจืจื• ืื•ืชื”.

ื›ืžื” ืขื•ืœื” ืœืžื›ื•ืจ: ื”ืขืžืœื•ืช ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืœืชืžื—ื•ืจ

ืืœื” ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ืœืคื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขืžืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื˜ืกื™. ื”ืขืžืœื•ืช ืžืฉืชื ื•ืช ืžืขืช ืœืขืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ื“ืงื• ืืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืœื” ื”ืขื“ื›ื ื™ืช ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื”ืจืฉืžื”.

ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืขืœื•ืช ืžืชื™ ื—ืœ
ืคืชื™ื—ืช ื—ื ื•ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื’ื‘ื•ืช ืขืžืœื” ื—ื“ึพืคืขืžื™ืช ืฉืžื•ืฆื’ืช ื‘ื”ืจืฉืžื” ืœืคื™ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื•ืช
ืคืจืกื•ื ืคืจื™ื˜ 0.20 ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืคืจืกื•ื ืื• ื‘ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ; ืžื•ื“ืขื” ืชืงืคื” ืœืืจื‘ืขื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื
ืขืžืœืช ืขืกืงื” 6.5% ืžืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ, ื”ืžืฉืœื•ื— ื•ืืจื™ื–ืช ื”ืžืชื ื”
ืกืœื™ืงื” ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืฉืชื ื” ืœืคื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื ืžืฆื ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื ืง ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืขืžืœืช ื”ืขืกืงื”; ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ื˜ื‘ืœืช ื”ืกืœื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืื˜ืกื™
ื”ืžืจืช ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืขืžืœื” ื ืคืจื“ืช ืœืคื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขืžืœื•ืช ื›ืฉืžื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืจ ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืžื˜ื‘ืข ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื

ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขืžืœื•ืช ื•ื‘ื˜ื‘ืœืช ื”ืกืœื™ืงื” ื•ื”ื”ืคืงื“ื•ืช. ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืฉื ืžื›ืจื•ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ืคืจืกื•ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื.

ืคืจืกื•ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขืžืœื” ืœื”ื–ืžื ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ื“ืจื›ื•: 15% ืœื—ื ื•ืช ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ 10,000 ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ 365 ื™ืžื™ื, ืขื ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืžื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช. ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื’ืขื” ืœืกืฃ, ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื•ื 12% ื•ื”ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื—ื ื•ืช. ื”ืขืžืœื” ืœื ืชืขืœื” ืขืœ 100 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื”ื–ืžื ื”. ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ืก ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืขืœ ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ื‘ืชื•ืš 30 ื™ื•ื ืžื”ืงืœืงื”, ืœืคื™ ืชื ืื™ ื”ืคืจืกื•ื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™.

ืื™ืš ืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ื—ื ื•ืช ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ

ืœืคื™ ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ื”ืงืžื” ื”ืจืฉืžื™, ืืช ืคืชื™ื—ืช ื”ื—ื ื•ืช ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ื‘ื“ืคื“ืคืŸ ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘. ื”ื›ื™ื ื• ืžืจืืฉ ืคืจื˜ื™ ื‘ื ืง ื•ืืžืฆืขื™ ื—ื™ื•ื‘, ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื•ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืžืฆื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื”ื”ืจืฉืžื”.

  1. ืฆืจื• ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื›ื ืกื• ืœืžืกืœื•ืœ ืคืชื™ื—ืช ื”ื—ื ื•ืช ื‘ืืชืจ ืื˜ืกื™.
  2. ื‘ื—ืจื• ืืช ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช, ืฉืคืช ื”ื—ื ื•ืช ื•ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืจ. ื‘ื—ืจื• ืฉืคื” ืฉื‘ื” ืชื•ื›ืœื• ื’ื ืœืชืงืฉืจ ืขื ืงื•ื ื™ื.
  3. ื‘ื—ืจื• ืฉื ืคื ื•ื™ ืฉืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื“ื™ืจื• ืืช ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ื•ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘.
  4. ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื• ืืช ืื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ื•ืืช ื”ืื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ึพืฉืœื‘ื™ ืฉื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš.
  5. ืขื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ืขืžืœืช ื”ื”ืงืžื” ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ืช, ืื ื—ืœื”, ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื• ืืช ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ื—ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื.

ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ื‘ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืคืชื™ื—ืช ื”ื—ื ื•ืช. ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื ืง ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืจืฉื•ืžื” ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช. ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ื•ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื ื‘ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื ืชืžื›ื•ืช.

ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืคืชื™ื—ื” ื”ื›ื™ื ื• ื’ื ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืฉืืœื•ืช ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ื•ืช: ืžื” ืชืขืฉื• ืื ื—ื•ืžืจ ื’ืœื ื™ื™ื’ืžืจ, ืžื™ ื™ืขื ื” ืœื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื™ืขื“ืจื•ืช ื•ืื™ื–ื” ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื›ื ื” ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืงื™ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืขืžื•ืกื”. ืืช ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื•ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืจืจื• ืขื ืื™ืฉ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืœืคื™ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ืช ืฉืœื›ื.

ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ื: ืื™ืš ืžื•ืกืจื™ื ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื•ืžื•ื ืขื™ื ืื™ึพื”ื‘ื ื•ืช

ืื˜ืกื™ ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ื•ืจื“ื” ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืื• ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืฉืžื›ื™ื ื™ื ืœืคื™ ื”ื–ืžื ื” ื•ืžื•ืกืจื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ื‘ืžื•ืฆืจ ืœื”ื•ืจื“ื” ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช ืžืขืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืงื‘ืฆื™ื ื‘ืขืช ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื”. ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆืจืฃ ืขื“ ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืงื‘ืฆื™ื, ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ืขื“ 20 ืžื’ื”ึพื‘ื™ื™ื˜ ืœื›ืœ ืงื•ื‘ืฅ, ืœืคื™ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ื.

ื ื ื™ื— ืฉืืชื ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ืื™ื•ืจ ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืœื”ื“ืคืกื”. ืชืืจื• ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืฉื”ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™, ืฆื™ื™ื ื• ืืช ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื”ื“ืคืกื” ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื• ืื ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืœืคืชื™ื—ืชื•. ืื ืชืžื•ื ืช ื”ื”ืžื—ืฉื” ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ืื™ื•ืจ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช, ื›ืชื‘ื• ืžื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืงื•ื ื” ื™ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ื™ืงื‘ืœ. ืขืœ ืžื›ื™ืจืช ืงื‘ืฆื™ื ื•ื”ื“ืคืกื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืงืจื•ื ื‘ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืžื›ื™ืจืช ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื•ืชืฉืœื•ื.

ื‘ื“ืงื• ืืช ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืคืจืกื•ื: ืคืชื—ื• ืื•ืชื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ, ืขื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ื”ืื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื—ื ื• ืื ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืœืื“ื ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ื”ื›ื ืชื•. ื‘ืžื•ืฆืจ ืžื•ืชืื ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื”ื’ื“ื™ืจื• ืžืจืืฉ ืื™ื–ื” ืžื™ื“ืข ืชืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืžื”ืงื•ื ื” ื•ืžื” ื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ื›ืš ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืชืฉืงื™ืขื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžื ื”.

ื’ื ื›ืฉืื™ืŸ ืืจื™ื–ื” ื•ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืคื™ื–ื™, ื”ืงื“ื™ืฉื• ื–ืžืŸ ืœืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืงื‘ืฆื™ื ื•ืœืžืขื ื” ืœืฉืืœื•ืช. ืžื™ ืฉื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืคืกื™ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื’ื ืืช ื”ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ื”ื–ืืช.

ืื™ืš ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืขืžื•ื“ ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉืงืœ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ

ื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื˜ืกื™ ืžืžืœื™ืฆื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ืฉืžืฆื™ื™ื ืช ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื•ืืช ื”ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืžื”ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœื•. ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื‘ื•ื—ื ืช ื’ื ืชื’ื™ื•ืช, ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื, ืชื™ืื•ืจ, ืชืžื•ื ื” ืจืืฉื™ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช. ืœื›ืŸ ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื—ืœืง ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื” ื•ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื›ื•ืชืจืช ืฉืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžืจืฆืฃ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ื›ื•ืชืจื•ืช.

ื ื ื™ื— ืฉืืชื ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืชื™ืง ื‘ื“ ืจืงื•ื: ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืกื•ื’ ื”ืชื™ืง, ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื•ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืชืืžื” ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœืงื•ื ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ืฆืขื”. ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื” ืคืจื˜ื• ืžื™ื“ื•ืช, ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื•ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช. ืขื‘ืจื• ืขืœ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื“ืงื• ืฉื”ืŸ ืžืฆื™ื’ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ืงื•ื ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ืกืชืžืš.

ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืคืจืกื•ื ื‘ื—ื ื• ืื™ืœื• ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ื ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืืœื™ื”ื ืื ืฉื™ื. ืื˜ืกื™ ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื” ืฉืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืžื•ืชืืžื•ืช ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืื™ื ื• ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ืืžื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื ืฉืœื• ืืฆืœ ื›ืœืœ ื”ืงื•ื ื™ื. ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืคืจืกื•ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืื˜ืกื™ ื’ื ืื™ื ื” ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื‘ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ืคืจืกื•ื. ืจืื• ืื™ืš ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื‘ืื˜ืกื™.

ื›ืฉืืชื ืžืฉื ื™ื ืžื•ื“ืขื”, ืจืฉืžื• ืžื” ื”ืฉืชื ื”: ืฆื™ืœื•ื, ื ื™ืกื•ื— ืื• ืžื—ื™ืจ. ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืžื•ืงื“ ื™ืงืœ ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช, ื‘ืœื™ ืœื™ื™ื—ืก ื›ืœ ืชื ื•ื“ื” ืœืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืขืชื.

ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืžืœืื™: ื‘ื ื• ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื›ื“ืื™ื•ืช ืœืžื•ืฆืจ

ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืžืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉืืชื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืกืคืง ื‘ืจืžืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืขืงื‘ื™ืช. ื”ื›ื™ื ื• ื’ื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ืœืฆื“ ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ, ื”ืืจื™ื–ื” ื•ื”ืžืฉืœื•ื— ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื”ืขืžืœื•ืช ื•ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ื”ืคืจื™ื“ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ืช, ื›ืžื• ื”ื›ื ืช ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘, ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืฉื—ื•ื–ืจืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžื ื”.

ื ื ื™ื— ืฉืžื•ืฆืจ ื ืจืื” ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ืื—ืจื™ ื ื™ื›ื•ื™ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื’ืœื. ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ืœื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืชื›ืชื‘ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืงื•ื ื”, ื”ื”ื›ื ื” ื•ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืชืงืœื” ืืคืฉืจื™ืช. ืื ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืฉืื™ืจื” ืชืžื•ืจื” ื ืžื•ื›ื” ืžื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื‘ื—ื ื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ, ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื• ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื”ืชืืžื” ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ืžื‘ื—ืจ.

ื‘ื“ืงื• ื‘ื ืคืจื“ ื’ื ืชื–ืจื™ื ืžื–ื•ืžื ื™ื. ืื˜ืกื™ ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื—ืœืง ืžื›ืกืคื™ ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืคื™ื–ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื–ืจื‘ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื” ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืžื•ืขื“ ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืœื”ืคืงื“ื”. ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ื•ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืžื•ืฆื’ื™ื ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื•ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช; ืžืขืงื‘ ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืฉืื˜ืกื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืืžืช ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืžื•ืงื“ื, ืœืคื™ ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื”ืจื–ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื.

ื”ื’ื“ื™ืจื• ืžืจืืฉ ืžื” ืชื‘ื“ืงื• ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื ื•ืกืคืช: ื”ืื ืงื•ื ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ, ื”ืื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ ื”ื”ื›ื ื” ื•ื”ืื ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžื›ืกื” ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช. ืขื™ื™ื ื• ื’ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ื—ื ื•ืช, ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื•ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืžื•ืฆื’ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื•ื™ืง. ื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ื• ืžืœืื™ ืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืกื•ื“ืจืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขืœื•ืช ื•ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช.

ืฉืืœื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช

ืืคืฉืจ ืœืคืชื•ื— ื—ื ื•ืช ืื˜ืกื™ ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ?

ื›ืŸ. ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื›ืœืœืช ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื ืชืžื›ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืœืžื•ื›ืจื™ื. ืคืชื™ื—ืช ื”ื—ื ื•ืช ื›ืคื•ืคื” ืœื”ืฉืœืžืช ื”ื”ืจืฉืžื”, ื”ืื™ืžื•ืช ื•ื™ืชืจ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื”.

ื”ืื ืžื›ื™ืจื” ื‘ืื˜ืกื™ ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ื?

ื™ืฉ ืขืžืœืช ืคืจืกื•ื ืคืจื™ื˜, ืขืžืœื•ืช ืขืกืงื” ื•ืกืœื™ืงื”, ื•ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื—ื•ืœ ืขืžืœืช ื”ืงืžื”. ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืชื•ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืคืจืกื•ื, ื”ืžืจืช ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื•ื”ืคืงื“ื”.

ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ื‘ืื˜ืกื™ ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืžืœืื™?

ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืงื‘ืฆื™ื ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ื ืžืงื•ืจื™ื™ื ืื• ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืงื•ืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ืฉืžื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืฆืœ ืฉื•ืชืฃ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ, ืœืคื™ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื. ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืฉื•ืชืฃ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื•ื”ืฆื’ื” ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ืฉืœ ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื•ื”ืžืฉืœื•ื—.

ืžื•ืชืจ ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ื‘ืื˜ืกื™ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื• ื‘ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช?

ืื˜ืกื™ ืžืชื™ืจื” ื™ืฆื™ืจื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื• ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ, ื•ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ. ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ืกื•ื’ ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืžื•ืœ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ื”ืขื“ื›ื ื™ื™ื; ื—ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืžื•ืชืจื•ืช.

ื”ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื“ืขืช ืžืจืืฉ ื›ืžื” ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื—ื™ื ืžื—ื ื•ืช ืื˜ืกื™?

ืื™ืŸ ืกื›ื•ื ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื—. ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื“ืื™ื•ืช ืœืžื•ืฆืจ, ืืš ื”ืจื•ื•ื— ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืชืœื•ื™ ื’ื ื‘ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช, ื‘ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื”ื–ืžื ื•ืช.

ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช

ืื”ื‘ืชื? ืฉืชืคื• ืขื ืžื™ ืฉื–ื” ื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื•